What does it mean to live well? The online Journal of Lutheran Ethics tackles this complex question to offer thoughtful reflections on timely topics related to faith and ethics. Each issue draws on history, theology, the bible, and social sciences to spark a conversation about living well in today’s world for scholars, students, activists, advocates, experts, non-experts, and seekers. In the JLE podcast, a companion to the journal, listeners join authors on a deep dive into articles from the ...
…
continue reading
Welcome to JLE “jelly” a podcast where I tell stories and my animals pretend to listen. The purpose of JLE is to analyze topics involving Jesus, everyday life, and various forms of entertainment- in it all we will decide whether or not the choices made lead closer to Heaven or closer to Hell. It is an honor for my voice to be the barrier between those listening and their innermost thoughts.
…
continue reading
History for the Curious The most talked-about Jewish History Podcast History for the Curious features the dynamic historian and famous tour guide & lecturer: Rabbi Aubrey Hersh, live from the JLE in London, hosted by myself: Mena Reisner Join us as we cross continents, sail through the centuries, tracing lives, uncovering events and following epic journeys, to reveal the untold stories, the scandals, and the mysteries, that have impacted our history and shaped us into who we are today. Encou ...
…
continue reading
The question behind all our podcasts? What can we learn? How does it change us. Our matched funds campaign is now live. If you enjoy History for the Curious, Please sponsor our continued podcasts: www.charityextra.com/jle/podcast The link will be live all of this weekKirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
The Greatest Fundraisers in History
56:54
56:54
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
56:54
During the 20th century, a number of individuals devoted their lives to helping the Jewish People; determined, courageous and innovative. Their fundraising efforts had an enormous impact on the Jewish world. Their stories need to be heard. Charity also raises Halachic dilemmas for donors and recipients alike. And then there is a unique opportunity …
…
continue reading
1
Unpacking Ordinary Faith in Polarized Times
44:53
44:53
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
44:53
Americans are more divided from one another than at any point in recent history. The divisions that we feel individually are even seen in recent research. Even faith communities are not free of sharp polarization. But that doesn’t have to be the case. In this episode, host Mattthew Best talks with Amy Carr and Christine Helmer, authors of Ordinary …
…
continue reading
1
Dayan Yechezkel Abramsky II – Clashes, Victories & Losses
55:24
55:24
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
55:24
His arrival to England was accompanied both by miracles and threats. Soon thereafter he was elected as the Av Beis Din in London, where he faced many battles: the non-religious lay leadership, the dangers of the Blitz during WWII and a family that was becoming fragmented. His tenacity and resilience saw him succeed and his influence on British Jewr…
…
continue reading
1
Dayan Yechezkel Abramsky I - Rosh Hashana Episode
43:32
43:32
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
43:32
Brought up in a village which did not have a minyan of Jews; a self-taught child genius. His life was shattered by the Russian civil war and the new anti-religious communist Soviet Union. He was hounded, arrested and eventually imprisoned in Siberia, but his faith remained untouched. His thoughts and writings on Prayer emerge through this period of…
…
continue reading
1
Medieval England II - Apostates, Criminals & Leaders
53:30
53:30
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
53:30
Jews paid the Crown for the privilege of getting married, divorced or converted. London ran into politics with its synagogues, Norwich became the first city for blood libels, yet the priests of Canterbury were fully supported by the Jews. Despite these difficulties, Torah scholarship and even Kabbalah flourished in England. And that’s besides the 6…
…
continue reading
1
Medieval England I - Promise, Opportunity & Betrayal
44:39
44:39
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
44:39
Invited to settle by William the Conqueror, when Winchester was the capital city, the 220 year history of Jews in England is seen as a narrative of money-lending and expulsion. But the real story is far more gripping. Jews settled across the Land, becoming the wealthiest in the process. Women were advisors to the royal court and an ancient Roman go…
…
continue reading
1
Understanding Halacha, History & Change: Taking Interest on a Loan (feat. Dayan Y. Posen)
1:07:40
1:07:40
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:07:40
The Torah explicitly forbids lending money at interest, yet the Hetter Iska document seems to allow it.Is it legal? Should we all have one? Did the 17th century create a watershed moment? Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 02:26 The Historical Context of Money in Jewish History 08:11 The Role of the Vaad Arba Arotzos in Creating the Hetter Is…
…
continue reading
1
Tisha B'Av Episode - The Hideout in Slovakia
56:30
56:30
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
56:30
Rabbi Yossi Steiner spent the war years on the run - as a child - and survived through a series of miracles. He found himself alone in a ghetto, needing to take care of his 5 year old brother. He hid in a bunker for 9 months, whilst Nazis came searching with trained dogs. He crossed borders through forests and fields and spent months pretending to …
…
continue reading
1
Holocaust Identities IV - The Church, The Red Cross & Nuremberg
1:01:10
1:01:10
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:01:10
1945. The war is over and Germany is in chaos. But now the church has to explain its silence. And two other groups emerge. There are thousands of Jewish orphans scattered across Europe. At the same time there are thousands of Nazis on the run. Will justice prevail? Chapters 00:00 The Church's Denial and Defense 04:19 Suppression of the Draft Encycl…
…
continue reading
1
Holocaust Identities III - Hitler’s Olympics, Nation & Church
58:24
58:24
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
58:24
Berlin 1936 saw Germany win more Gold medals than any other country, while the world looked on. But at what price? How aware was the Church of Jewish persecution? What role did the ordinary German play in Hitler’s regime? And what motivated those who saved Jews? Chapters 00:00 The Berlin Olympics of 1936: Hitler's Showcase 05:04 Calls to Boycott or…
…
continue reading
1
Holocaust Identities II – Secret Soldiers Part 2
50:57
50:57
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
50:57
In 1944 X-troop were fighting in France. With heavy losses and secret identities, some of them would tragically be buried under a cross. By 1945 they had made their way to Germany, always searching for family members who may have survived, even if this required driving across no-man’s land into enemy territory. When the war ends, they begin a new m…
…
continue reading
1
Holocaust Identities I - Secret Soldiers Part 1
54:11
54:11
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
54:11
To donate tefillin for the soldiers, please click - https://bit.ly/historyforthecurioustefillin Forged through adversity and fuelled by the fate of their families who were trapped in Nazi Europe, a ragtag crew of Jewish refugees volunteered to become an elite army unit and significantly impact the enemy during WWII. Initially interned as enemy alie…
…
continue reading
1
Rabbi Akiva Eger II - Rulings, Plague & Portrait
39:53
39:53
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
39:53
To appreciate Rabbi Akiva Eger we need to understand his era; The cholera epidemic he lived through, the personalities of his generation as well as his rulings and how they were set out. Who was he really and what did he look like? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Rabbi Akiva Eger 13:46 Rabbi Akiva Eger's Role During the Cholera Epidemic 27:09 Confli…
…
continue reading
1
Rabbi Akiva Eger I - Genius, Battles & Compassion
39:57
39:57
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
39:57
Famous as a scholar and lamdan, his life was beset by challenges and setbacks, all of which he faced with remarkable fortitude. As the leader of Central Europe's Jewry, the impact of his writings and personality re-wrote the history of the 19th century for the Jews Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Government Intervention 08:01 Reb Akiva Eger's Schol…
…
continue reading
1
Kabbalah II - Heresy : Spain 1290-1350
1:01:56
1:01:56
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:01:56
Unraveling the Mystery - Who was Moshe de Leon? How did the Zohar impact Jewish history? Is there a deep divide between Academics & Kabbalists. What did Rav Yaakov Emden write? And how was Marriage seen in 13th century Spain? Chapters 00:00 Introduction: The Mystery of the Zohar 13:09 The Historical Context of Spain in the 13th and 14th Centuries 3…
…
continue reading
1
Kabbalah I - Controversy : Spain 1250-1295
53:05
53:05
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
53:05
In the 1200s Spanish Jewry faced great challenges within the community including Murder, Immorality & Defection. This was exacerbated by dangerous teachings within Kabbalah which had to be rooted out by the Rashba and banned.But 700 years later a pathway was found to Redemption. Chapters 00:00 Challenges of 13th-Century Spain: Tensions, Wealth, and…
…
continue reading
1
Spanish Jewry III - Targets of Resentment: Prominent Jewish Figures in Spain
41:35
41:35
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
41:35
The Golden Age was over but what drove Jews to settle in Christian Spain?What is the true story of the pirates in Cordoba?Why was the commentary of the Rif so vital and why did the Ba’al HaMaor critique it?Who controlled the Jews: The Church or The Kings? Chapters: 00:00 Introduction and Background 03:05 Legends and Stories in Jewish History 08:50 …
…
continue reading
1
Spanish Jewry II - The Golden Age : Poetry, Power and Politics
45:18
45:18
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
45:18
A unique world existed for two centuries in which a Jewish general lead Moslem armies into battle and authored 1,500 poems while Chasdai, the most famous Jew, discovered the antidote to poison and oversaw the creation of Jewish grammar. Was Yosef Hannagid responsible for the death of an Arab prince? And how did Spain over-rule Babylonia? Chapters 0…
…
continue reading
1
Spanish Jewry I - The Dark Ages: The Forced Conversion of the Jews
34:39
34:39
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
34:39
The history of the Jews in Spain has always been part of our collective memory. But the real story starts 1,000 years earlier. Long before the Rishonim, flourishing communities existed. What were their lives like? Why do we not know more about them? And what happened in 711CE? For the trip, please email: giana.elav@gmail.com Chapters 00:00 The Visi…
…
continue reading
1
Lizzie Borden Ghost Hunt
1:45:11
1:45:11
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:45:11
Do you believe in ghosts? What even is a ghost? There might be some in the Lizzie Borden household in Fall River, Massachusetts. Listen through an entertaining narration of hopeful skepticism as people braver than me talk to the dead at the Borden B&B. GRAPHIC CONTENT WARNING involving violence, death and dying Source(s): The Paranormal Files Tatto…
…
continue reading
Do synagogues have rights over membership?Why did a Chazan risk excommunication in Perpignan?Why were responsa printed in defiance of the author’s wishes?And the 1708 Chametz glue on a Pesach document… Chapters 00:00 Excommunication and Imposing Bans 06:18 Excommunication and Scholarly Disputes 13:28 The Role of the Chazan in the Synagogue 26:04 In…
…
continue reading
1
Lizzie Borden House Tour
38:37
38:37
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
38:37
JLE returns with a multipart story about Lizzie Borden and the murders of her father and stepmother on August 4th, 1892 in Fall River, Massachusetts.. First, learn the history that cuts deeper than the grizzly nursery rhyme through an audio tour of the infamous Borden home. Full episode: The Paranormal Files IG: @JLEPODCAST X: @JLEpod FB: JLE Email…
…
continue reading
1
Financial Responsa in History II - Shuls, Politics & Power (feat. Dayan Y Posen)
49:50
49:50
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
49:50
For centuries Jews faced restrictions building their shuls. Halachic questions arose across Europe concerning rights, ownership and use. And closer to our day, when communities split, the assets would often be fought over. For the trip, please email: giana.elav@gmail.com Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 07:41 Shul as a Place of Assembly and…
…
continue reading
1
Financial Responsa in History I - Taxes, Charity & Freedom (feat. Dayan Y Hool)
53:17
53:17
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
53:17
In times of war and peace and throughout the centuries, Jews have asked questions. Some became the foundations of halacha, others were forgotten.In this episode we trace back through the ages to find that the new is often very old. To purchase Dayan Hools book, click here -Beth Din Commercial Arbitration: https://amzn.eu/d/hSkOB53 Chapters 00:00 In…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael X – A personal account in Gaza
36:13
36:13
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
36:13
Unlike the secular worldview, Jewish history looks at individuals and at details. And although we have closely followed the general conflict in Israel, we are at arm’s length from the war. Hearing first-hand some of the challenges that Yona Pinchos Gedalia ben Soroh Chana faced, will thereby give a deeper perspective to what Israel is experiencing.…
…
continue reading
1
Douglas Murray - Raw Opinion on the Israel Conflict
49:15
49:15
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
49:15
To Watch This Podcast, click here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRbtzDOtBAY&t=2021s A wide-ranging discussion with author & international broadcaster Douglas Murray, on the questions: Why the Media Lie - The Liberal Left - Antisemitism, modern and ancient - The Future in Israel. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Personal Connection 00:38 Intervie…
…
continue reading
1
The Karaites III - Unusual Episodes
47:37
47:37
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
47:37
The Karaites arrive in Ponovezh, Lithuania; Seraya Shapshal abruptly changes direction; Ibn Ezra writes Zemirot [link below]; the Nazis preside over a Karaite debate; Voltaire quotes a Karaite scholar; The 21st century reconfigures Karaism. Ki Eshmera Shabbat - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Um8Z5Wdok-WeA7zNmKFkEjG06eH21Sax/view?usp=drivesdk Chap…
…
continue reading
1
The Karaites II - Forgeries & History
40:55
40:55
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
40:55
Refugees arrived in Egypt from Toldeo in 1459, with ideas of their own. But as the centuries progressed, the Karaites spread out from the Middle East. Crimea became the headquarters of the movement. However Abraham Firkowitz had his own ideas about history, in which facts did not necessarily feature. Although St. Petersburg owes him a continuing de…
…
continue reading
1
The Karaites I - Origins & Practices
46:14
46:14
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
46:14
1,200 years ago, a new form of Judaism was created, and it has lasted through the centuries.How far did Karaism spread? Did the Rambam allow them to be circumcised? Did Islam bring about the new ideology? And why would they observe Rosh Hashana without a Shofar? Please email giana.elav@gmail.com for details on the upcoming Vienna Trip. Chapters 00:…
…
continue reading
1
500 Years Ago: February 1524
37:57
37:57
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
37:57
When Europe became the battleground between opposing armies, a very unlikely candidate met up with the Pope and proposed a solution. It would involve the Jews, and start in the heart of Inquisition Portugal. But it brought about unexpected results. Ultimately we have a cloak and a flag to reflect upon. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Trip Announcem…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael IX - The Father of a Hostage
26:56
26:56
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
26:56
A moving, personal first-hand account of trial, tribulation and faith. Recorded live at the JLE. Chapters 00:00 The Kidnapping of Ori Danino 03:29 The Search for Ori 05:24 Ori's Heroic Actions 08:08 The Power of Emunah 09:32 Seeing Hashem in Difficult Times 12:12 The Unexplainable Nature of the War 13:47 Praying and Believing in Hashem 15:53 A Mess…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael VIII - The ICJ
42:00
42:00
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
42:00
In 2004 Israel was prosecuted at the ICJ for building a barrier through the West Bank. But Israel didn’t bother to turn up. What changed in 2024? Why did South Africa in particular, take the lead against Israel? Why does the proportionality argument (regarding civilian casualties) not help Israel’s defense?…
…
continue reading
1
The Letters Which Made History - Part III
42:19
42:19
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
42:19
Why was Sir Moses Montefiore in Malta for Tisha B’Av? Who wrote the poem Bli Mazal (Out of Luck)? Which British politician suggested in 1841, that the Jews create an independent State? What made London famous in 1159? Whom did Rabbeinu Tam bow to?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
The Letters Which Made History - Part II
44:24
44:24
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
44:24
How did a small hole in a parchment create Crusader history?What do Chopin, Karl Marx, Alexander Dumas & Goethe have in common?Why would the Barons of Franconia insist that Jews go to Synagogue on Monday & Thursday?What was life like for Jews in Sicily?Listen to fascinating insights from four very different eras in Jewish History.…
…
continue reading
1
The Letters Which Made History - Part I
45:23
45:23
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
45:23
Did a Christian censor help the Jews of Bohemia? Who was Rav Sherira Gaon and why is the letter he wrote over 1,000 years ago, so important today? What brought Jews to America in the 1600s? And why did a Rabbi in Indiana write to the US Secretary of State - in Hebrew!?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael VII - Vital Answers for Difficult Times (feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz)
1:13:20
1:13:20
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:13:20
Recorded in Jerusalem, this ground-breaking episode includes testimony based on eyewitnesses, linking together Israel’s Past, Present & Future. Are the Settlements illegal? Does Islam’s monotheism bring any spiritual benefit to the Jews? Is Israel imposing Apartheid on the Palestinians in the West Bank? What does tomorrow hold for Israel? Link to c…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael VI - The Harder Questions II (feat. Lord David Wolfson KC)
1:01:24
1:01:24
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:01:24
A must listen! What rights to land did Jews have in Palestine? How does Israel explain the Deir Yassin massacre? Did they engage in ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in 1948? Should we regulate free speech of the BBC & Universities?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael V - The Harder Questions I (feat. R’ Yitzchok Breitowitz)
1:07:02
1:07:02
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:07:02
Featuring Rav Yitzchok Breitowitz & Rav Osher Weiss. How do we view War, Collateral Damage and Siege in Halacha? Did the Chafetz Chaim think that we can change the minds of non-Jewish governments? What rights do Jews have in Golus and what message should we take from the matzav?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael IV - The Hostages (feat. Rabbi Dr Akiva Tatz)
54:40
54:40
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
54:40
The fate of 240 Jews still remains unknown… What are our spiritual obligations at this time? What does Jewish Law rule for these situations? And where does Advocacy fit into the equation?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
Experience London in a very unique way by clicking the link below- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wHjkkNGKUk And please consider making a donation to allow us to continue the podcasts' reach and content - https://www.charityextra.com/jle/133970Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Rambam III - The Final Years
37:18
37:18
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
37:18
Why was the letter to the Jews of Yemen so essential? Who was Guide to the Perplexed written for? How did the Rambam steer his community through turbulent political times? And where does the bullfight in Cordoba fit in?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael III - Mesiras Nefesh (feat. Rabbi Y.Y Jacobson)
1:18:08
1:18:08
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:18:08
Yishamel’s 3rd power is their veneration of martyrdom. Our spiritual antidote, is Mesiras Nefesh. Although this includes self-sacrifice and is often translated as giving up one’s life, it is actually life-giving and forms the pillar of the survival of the Jewish Nation through the ages, as Rabbi YY Jacobson explains.…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael II - The Israeli - Arab Conflict
1:09:37
1:09:37
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
1:09:37
Social Media is alive with facts about Israel, many of which are inaccurate or taken out of context. With the help of International Foreign policy analyst Dr Mitchell Bard, this podcast comprehensively takes the listener through 120 years of Middle Eastern history, pointing out the major events and documented truths about them and dispelling myths.…
…
continue reading
1
Yishmael vs Yisrael I - A Biblical Conflict
42:35
42:35
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
42:35
The events of 7th October have left us reeling. How should Jews react? What are our obligations - especially those who are geographically distant? And where are the spiritual origins of this war? The special tefilah to be said in a place of danger has been uploaded to: www.jle.org.uk/podcastKirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
The Rambam spent 38 years of his life in Cairo. Here, he authored his two most famous works, became involved in Medicine, dealt with hostages, suffered tremendous personal loss, and wrote hundreds of Responsa - some of which challenged the Status Quo.Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
Rambam I - The Early Years
28:46
28:46
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
28:46
The Rambam is arguably the most famous Jew of the last two thousand years. But do we really know him? Who were his family? Did he have enemies? And why did he write the 13 Principles of Faith?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
The French Revolution III (1799-1808)
35:27
35:27
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
35:27
Having conquered much of Europe, Napoleon turned his attention to the Jews. Not by request but by demand; to make Jewish law compatible with France’s constitution. The rabbis walked a tightrope to respond. And of course there’s the matter of 10,000s of documents that disappeared. How justifiable was it?…
…
continue reading
1
The French Revolution II (1789-1799)
43:29
43:29
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
43:29
How glorious was the Revolution and where does the Tennis Court Oath fit in? Did the Jews actually want to be emancipated? How did they cope with the Year of Terror; Were the Jews victims or collateral damage?Kirjoittanut JLE
…
continue reading
1
The French Revolution I – The Prelude (1552-1788)
39:54
39:54
Toista myöhemmin
Toista myöhemmin
Listat
Tykkää
Tykätty
39:54
In 1789, the French proclaimed liberty to all their citizens including the Jews of France. Except that Jews hadn’t been allowed in the country since 1394 – so who was actually emancipated? Why was Metz so important? What happened to Sefardi arrivals into the country? And in the battle between the King and Strasbourg, whose side were the Jews on?…
…
continue reading